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Return to the River will describe a new ecosystem-based approach to the restoration of salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River, once one of the most productive river basins for anadromous salmonids on the west coast of North America. The approach of this work has broad applicability to all recovery efforts throughout the northern hemisphere and general applicability to fisheries and aquatic restoration efforts throughout the world.
The Pacific Northwest is now embroiled in a major public policy debate over the management and restoration of Pacific salmon. The outcome of the debate has the potential to affect major segments of the region's economy - river transportation, hydroelectric production, irrigated agriculture, urban growth, commercial and sport fisheries, etc. This debate, centered as it is on the salmon in all the rivers, has created a huge demand for information. The book will be a powerful addition to that debate.
* A 15 year collaboration by a diverse group of scientists working on the management and recovery of salmon, steelhead trout, and wildlife populations in the Pacific Northwest
* Includes over 200 figures, with four-color throughout the book
* Discusses complex issues such as habitat degradation, juvenile survival through the hydrosystem, the role of artificial production, and harvest reform
- Sales Rank: #2762581 in eBooks
- Published on: 2005-11-21
- Released on: 2005-11-21
- Format: Kindle eBook
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Review from Restoration Ecology Journal
By troutdna
Return to the River: Restoring Salmon to the Columbia River
Richard N. Williams, editor. 2006. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 699 pages, ISBN 0-12-088414-3 (hardcover).
Review by Ray Hilborn, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. Email rayh@u. washington.edu in the December 2007 issue of the journal, Restoration Ecology.
Resource management advances by learning from experience, and in the Columbia River, the experience with salmon is probably better studied, more varied, and expensive than anywhere else. The annual expenditure for fish and wildlife research and management in the Columbia is $450 million, and most of this is devoted to salmon. This is comparable to the entire budget of the U.S. National Marine Fish- eries Service, which is responsible for managing most of the significant marine fisheries in the United States. Over the past 20 years alone, these expenditures would likely have been between 5 and 8 billion dollars.
Society might legitimately ask what we have learned from all these expenditures and has this phenomenal amount of money led to the maintenance of healthy salmon populations in the Columbia. This book provides answers to these questions, and for those wanting a quick answer, quite simply a lot has been learned, and sadly, there are few healthy populations of salmon re- maining in the Columbia. The au- thors' primary conclusion is that attempts to restore salmon by technical fixes such as hatchery production and mechanical improvements in fish passage have failed, and the only hope for restoration of Columbia River salmon is to reestablish more of the natural ecological functioning of the entire ecosystem.
The book consists of 13 chapters that comprehensively cover the history of the system, its current status, and dynamics and propose how restoration might be effective. The authors are largely drawn from the Independent Study Group (funded by the Northwest Power Planning Council, the Bonneville Power administration, and the National Marine Fisheries Service to provide scientific and technical advice and peer review the massive restoration effort on the Columbia.
This book is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the status of both Pacific and Atlantic salmon in the lower 48 states of the United States and in most of Canada, and I am sure many of these lessons are equally applicable to Atlantic salmon in Europe. The book will also be of great value to those interested in the more general question of human impact on the environment; the interaction between technology, politics, and ecology; and the ability of society to maintain species in the face of large-scale economic development. The most closely related work is the 1996 National Research Council Report ``Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific West,'' which dealt more broadly with salmon throughout the region, but drew many of its lessons from the Columbia River, and ``The Organic Machine: Remaking the Columbia River '' by Richard White, a historian. The volume under review is much more detailed in its technical analysis and provides an ecological perspective on the Columbia.
The book is divided into three parts: chapters 1-3 are classified as ``A new conceptual foundation,'' chapters 4-10 describe ``The salmon ecosystem and its management,'' and chapters 11-13 ``A new vision for restoration.'' The major theme of this book is that the historical conceptual foundation for restoration has been flawed, and a new conceptual foundation is needed. ``The conceptual foundation is the `lens' through which we interpret observations and thereby form conclusions. We contend that management of Pacific salmon has been characterized by conflicting and poorly articulated conceptual foundations. As a result, restoration programs, such as the Northwest Power Planning Council`s (NPPC's) fish and wildlife program, are often a hodge-podge of ideas arrived at through compromise without a unifying scientific basis.'' The authors go on to criticize specific elements of the historical restoration actions such as hatcheries as derived from an agricultural view of the world where most elements could be controlled and nature improved upon. The alternative conceptual foundation articulated in chapter 3 is based on following three principles: (1) restoration must address the entire ecosystem; (2) sustained salmon productivity requires a network of complex and interconnected habitats maintained by natural physical processes; and (3) genetic, life history, and population diversity are ways that salmonids respond to their complex habitats.
Chapters 4-10 contain a range of data-rich chapters describing the fish, their habitat, the hydroelectric system, the hatcheries, harvest management, and the estuarine and marine environments. These chapters represent by far the best summary of the enormous body of data that have been collected on this system and will be invaluable for anyone seeking a review of any of these topics. Most of these chapters are highly relevant to almost all salmon populations that are highly impacted by humans, but the chapter on the hydroelectric systems is reasonably specific to the Columbia because of the gigantic scale of the hydro system in this particular river system. Much of the historical conceptual framework in the Columbia was developed in the 1870s, when Spencer Baird, the head of the U.S. Commission on Fish and Fisheries, suggested that artificial propagation could supply a steady supply of salmon while allowing for salmon harvesting, dam construction, logging, and water diversion for irrigation. The history of this technological vision is provided in detail. The chapter on harvest similarly details the failures of the harvest management system that has ``left commercial fishermen idle and treaty obligations unfulfilled.'' Columbia River salmon, especially Chinook, are particularly problematic as they are caught in a range of ocean fisheries from Alaska to coastal Oregon, and in-river fisheries catch high, mixed stocks of upstream migrating fish. The potential for individual stock management in the Columbia is very small.
The final part of the book, ``A new vision for restoration,'' consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, the problem of monitoring and evaluation is discussed and recommendations are made. The second chapter reviews the federal and state approaches to restoration, of which the authors are fairly critical. They credit the federal and state approaches for a more ecological approach to habitat, but do not see much change in the hatchery or harvest programs. The approaches to fish passage are considered as a change in the status quo, but not a major change. They summarize their opinion as a question and answer ``Do these four documents collectively outline salmon recovery strategies that are likely to have a high probability of success?'' Probably not is their answer.
In the third chapter, the authors articulate their view that the only long-term hope for salmon in the Columbia is a ``return to the river,'' protecting and reestablishing natural habitats and the diversity of stocks that use this habitat. Throughout the book, the authors continually refer to the Hanford Reach fall Chinook, the only mainstem section of the Columbia River above Bonneville dam that is free flowing and continues to support the healthiest, most productive population in the basin. It is the model for their vision of restoration.
The authors of this book represent a broad range of distinguished and experienced scientists who have been involved in the Columbia salmon issue, many without having an individual research interest in specific programs. They provide a critique of historical approaches and a persuasive new approach. Is this new vision likely to be implemented? Here I must revert to the point I made initially; there is a lot of money at stake. If implementing the new vision means that existing institutions and programs will see major changes in budgets, I have to be skeptical that change will happen.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Course Required Reading
By Daniel Jones
Required reading for Biology course. Great quality and lots of information but reading is a little dry.
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